Global data center water consumption may nearly triple to 644 billion litres annually by 2030, a significant increase from 222 billion litres in 2025, according to Rystad Energy. This rise is largely attributed to rapid capacity expansion driven by artificial intelligence, increasing demand for cooling.
Active water-saving measures could reduce annual direct cooling water consumption to 543 billion litres in a moderate scenario, and down to 388 billion litres with aggressive water saving. The energy research firm notes that water consumption varies significantly based on cooling technology, climate, and whether water withdrawn or consumed is measured.
AI servers generate more heat, but liquid cooling technologies can reduce the heat burden and allow for more dry cooling. The indirect water footprint, embedded in electricity supply, adds further complexity, potentially doubling direct water consumption in some regions like the United States. Operators report wide differences in water performance, with some setting targets to become water positive by 2030.
Emerging regulations focus on disclosure, with the European Commission planning a labeling system and performance standards, and Singapore’s roadmap aiming for reduced water use. Some regions are considering performance standards in response to water stress, which is projected to account for 34% of global direct water consumption by data centers in 2030.
Source: Down To Earth