Method: Available sensible heat in blowdown is estimated as: Q_available = ṁ × c_p × (T_blowdown − T_makeup) using a water specific heat capacity of approximately 4.186 kJ/kg·K. Recoverable heat is: Q_recovered = Q_available × Heat Recovery Efficiency Annual useful heat recovered is: Energy Recovered = Q_recovered × Operating Hours Avoided boiler fuel energy is estimated as: Avoided Fuel Energy = Energy Recovered ÷ Boiler Efficiency Annual cost savings are: Cost Savings = Avoided Fuel Energy × Fuel Energy Cost This calculator uses a simplified sensible-heat approach. Actual high-pressure boiler blowdown may flash when pressure is reduced, so a flash tank and heat-recovery exchanger can involve both flash-steam recovery and remaining liquid sensible heat. For detailed steam-system analysis, use pressure-specific steam and water enthalpy values rather than only temperature-based sensible heat.