Method: Saturated-steam specific volume is estimated from an embedded steam-property table and interpolated at the entered absolute pressure. Steam volumetric flow is: V̇ = ṁ × v where: ṁ = steam mass flow rate v = saturated-steam specific volume Pipe flow area is: A = πD² / 4 Steam velocity is: Velocity = V̇ ÷ A Steam density is: ρ = 1 / v Gauge pressure is converted internally to absolute pressure by adding approximately 1.01325 bar atmospheric pressure. This calculator is intended for quick velocity checks using dry saturated steam. Actual steam-system design should also consider pressure drop, steam quality, condensate drainage, fittings, noise, erosion, water hammer and applicable piping standards. Superheated steam should use its actual specific volume rather than the saturated-steam property values used here.