A comprehensive 34-year study has revealed significant challenges to forest reproduction across Europe, directly linked to the impacts of climate change.
The research focused on five major European tree species, finding that their viable seed production has decreased by more than 30%.
Notably, oaks and Scots pine have experienced even steeper declines, with their seed production dropping by over 60%.
The study identified warmer summers as the principal driver behind this reduction in reproductive success. This contrasts with previous assumptions that moisture or spring temperatures were the main culprits.
The findings raise concerns about the ability of European forests to regenerate naturally. This has critical implications for forest biodiversity and the long-term climate resilience of these vital ecosystems.
The continued trend could significantly alter the composition and health of European forests in the coming decades.
Source: Down To Earth